Drifting of heme-coordinating group in imidazolylmethylxanthones leading to improved selective inhibition of CYP11B1

Abstract

An abnormal increase in glucocorticoid levels is responsible for pathological disorders affecting different organs and systems, and the selective inhibition of appropriate steroidogenic enzymes represents a validated strategy to restore their physiological levels. In continuing our studies on CYP11B inhibitors, in this paper a small series of 6-substituted 3-imidazolylmethylxanthones was designed and synthesized, according to the data acquired from previously reported series of derivatives and from a purposely-performed docking study. The new compounds proved to be potent inhibitors of CYP11B isoforms, being effective on CYP11B1 in the low nanomolar range and improving selectivity with respect to CYP11B2, compared to previously reported related compounds. These data further confirmed that a suitable mutual arrangement of the imidazolylmethyl pharmacophore and a properly selected substituent on the xanthone core allows a fine tuning of the activity towards the different CYPs and further corroborate the role of the xanthone scaffold as a privileged structure in this field.