Dried urine and salivary profiling for complete assessment of cortisol and cortisol metabolites

Abstract

Aims/objectivesThe primary aim of this study was to determine the utility of dried urine sampling in obtaining measures of cortisol and cortisol metabolites. Additional aims were to evaluate if a 4-spot dried urine collection is representative of a 24-hour urine collection and if expected diurnal cortisol patterns can be observed in samples from both urine and saliva. MethodsData from individuals with cortisol measures available from both a 4-spot dried urine collection and a 24-hour urine collection (n = 28) were evaluated. Of these 28, 20 also had concurrent liquid and dried 24-hour urine measures. Consistency between these methods was evaluated using paired t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). In addition, data from individuals with concurrent measures of both urinary and salivary cortisol (n = 68) were assessed for consistency in the diurnal pattern of change in cortisol. ResultsNear ideal consistency was observed between liquid and dried urine for measures of total urine free cortisol, total urine cortisone, and total cortisol metabolites (n = 20; ICCs = 0.99, 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). Good to excellent consistency was observed between the 4-spot method and the 24-hour collection (n = 28; ICCs = 0.89, 0.95 and 0.92, respectively). In mixed model analysis, no difference was seen in the diurnal pattern of cortisol between salivary and urinary free cortisol (n = 68; P = 0.83). ConclusionDried urine is a viable alternative to liquid urine for the measurement of cortisol and cortisol metabolites. Additionally, if the 4 measures are added together, 4-spot urine collections can be representative of diurnal cortisol patterns commonly assessed using saliva and 24-hour urine collections.