Abstract
To identify and describe which dressings are recommended to prevent surgical site infection in hospitalized adult patients after cardiac surgeries. Integrative review carried out in the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus. Studies related to dressing in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery were selected. Seven articles were included, with the following dressings: negative pressure wound therapy, silver nylon dressing, transdermal delivery of continuous oxygen and impermeable adhesive drape. The dressings that led to reduction of infection were negative pressure and silver nylon dressings. It was not possible to identify which dressing is most recommended, however, some studies show that certain types of dressings were related to the reduction of infection. Clinical trials with a rigorous methodological design and representative samples able to minimize the risk of bias should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of dressings in the prevention of surgical site infection.
Highlights
IntroductionTreatment of heart disease may be clinical or surgical
It is estimated that in 2012 cardiovascular diseases caused three out of 10 deaths, ischemic heart disease caused a total of 7.4 million deaths, and stroke caused around 6.7 million deaths, giving heart disease the status of leading cause of death worldwide[1].Treatment of heart disease may be clinical or surgical
Surgeries occur with a significant frequency and require an effective planning for the nursing care of the postoperative period, which should be based on technical-scientific knowledge to ensure the quality of care provided to patients[2], and to prevent complications related to the procedure, such as Surgical Site Infections (SSI)
Summary
Treatment of heart disease may be clinical or surgical. Surgery occurs when it offers a higher probability of cardiac rehabilitation than the clinical treatment. Surgeries occur with a significant frequency and require an effective planning for the nursing care of the postoperative period, which should be based on technical-scientific knowledge to ensure the quality of care provided to patients[2], and to prevent complications related to the procedure, such as Surgical Site Infections (SSI). SSIs are one of the complications frequently observed in health care, with an incidence varying from 1% to 80%, depending on the type of surgery, the hospital environment, the surgical wound classification and the wound closure technique[3]. In Brazil, a study indicates a prevalence of SSI between 14% and 16% in hospitalized patients[4]
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