DREMUS: A Data-Restricted Multi-Physics Simulation Model for Lithium-Ion Battery Storage

Martin Rogall,Anup Barai,Maria Brucoli,Patrick Luk,Rohit Bhagat,David Greenwood

doi:10.1016/j.est.2020.102051

Abstract

This paper presents a modelling approach to support the techno-economic analysis of Li-Ion battery energy storage systems (BESS) for third party organisations considering the purchase or use of BESS but lacking the detailed knowledge of battery operation and degradation. It takes into account the severe data-limitations and provides the best possible approximation for its long-term electrical, thermal and ageing performance. This is achieved by constructing flexible and scalable ageing models from experimental data based on manufacturer's datasheets, warranties and manuals as key inputs. The precision of the individual models has been determined using experimental data and has been found with <8 % normalised root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD) in all cases to be sufficiently accurate. Through linearization methods, this model is able to compare the long-term performance of BESS and quantify the degradative impact of specific charge/discharge mission profiles, which improves the tangibility of BESS as value generating asset.

Highlights

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are an essential part of a sustainable energy system, due its capability to defer generation and consumption in time and support balancing demand and supply, both locally and on grid-scale
A significant challenge for end-users of BESS is the limitation in data provided on the BESS – especially relative to a specific target usage profile
To perform a sensitivity analysis on the ageing model, the three key parameters are investigated: temperature, C-rate and SoC. Since all of these parameters are in the exponent of the formula, their impact will be considered on the logarithmic scale

Summary

Introduction

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are an essential part of a sustainable energy system, due its capability to defer generation and consumption in time and support balancing demand and supply, both locally and on grid-scale. As assets with high upfront costs, BESS face several challenges considering their viability; they are complex systems with uncertain degradation behaviour due to the manifold mechanisms causing it [2] and limitations of non-destructive diagnostic techniques [3]. A significant challenge for end-users of BESS is the limitation in data provided on the BESS – especially relative to a specific target usage profile. This restricts direct comparison of different BESS from different suppliers. Understanding battery value degradation given its utilisation and how service-life of the BESS can be extended will determine whether investment in a specific BESS provides a justified return

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Conclusion