Dredging Associated Effects: Maternally Transferred Pollutants and DNA Adducts in Feral Fish

Abstract

This study reports on the bioavailability, maternal transfer, and genotoxicity in feral fish of organic sediment pollutants. Northern pike (Esox lucius) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) were caught in a polluted bay before and during dredging activities and from reference areas. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in ovulating eggs to investigate if the bay sediment posed a threat to early life-stages of fish. On the basis of previous investigations in this area, the level of exposure via maternal transfer and diffusive uptake of water-borne pollutants after hatch is likely sufficient to cause abnormalities in early life-stages of fish. During dredging, hepatic DNA adducts were elevated in adult fish, demonstrating an increased release of genotoxic compounds, which may contribute to adverse effects in aquatic organisms for several years. Although no substantial increase of maternally transferred pollutants were observed during dredging, this is the first time a correlation between hepatic DNA adducts in fish and pollutant burden in their eggs is demonstrated. Our findings underline the importance of combining chemical and toxicological methods as well as a need for greater emphasis on other polycyclic aromatic compounds in environmental risk evaluations.