Abstract
We have studied the efficacy of preoxygenation using the Triservice Anaesthetic Apparatus (TSA) in healthy patients and found it to be unsatisfactory. An alternative technique suitable for field use was explored. The Mapleson D system (Bain) was found to be suitable for preoxygenation with a fresh gas flow of only 4 litre of oxygen per minute. In a randomized study using only 4 litre of oxygen per minute for 3 min, the Bain system was found to be superior to the TSA.
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