Drawing

Abstract

The chapter begins by distinguishing between directed, free, and spontaneous drawings. It describes five broad theoretical approaches on which drawing research has been conducted: drawing as a reflection of mental operations; drawing as aesthetic expression; drawing as a means of supporting mental and emotional health; drawing as a procedural activity; and drawing as social practice. Diverse perspectives on children's drawing as art are considered. The research methodologies and methods that have been employed, ranging from extensive surveys to case studies of individual children, are described. Ethical issues are raised regarding the display of children's drawings for commercial purposes and in the service of social causes. Different models of development are examined by stages, a U‐shaped curve, multiple pathways, and endpoints. Common drawing characteristics are described, including innate graphic principles, subjects, narrative, styles, themes, and graphic influences. Pedagogic theories are examined and a summary of pedagogic advice is offered in terms of strategies, including perceptual, conversational, and conventional.