Draining Vein Thrombosis of Developmental Venous Anomaly in Sickle Cell Trait Patients: A Case Report and a Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but serious condition in both adults and children. Risk factors include thrombophilias, dehydration, and certain inherited conditions like sickle cell trait (SCT). We present a case of CVST in a pediatric patient with SCT to highlight key considerations in diagnosis and management. Case Presentation: A 14-year-old male with SCT presented with worsening headache and vomiting after prolonged sun exposure and dehydration during athletic camp. Imaging revealed right occipital hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, right CSVT, and bilateral cerebellar developmental venous anomalies. Hypercoagulability testing was normal. Diagnostic evaluation included computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, MR venography (MRV), and hypercoagulability testing. The patient was treated with an external ventricular drain, platelet transfusion, and anticoagulation. Management also involved hydration, platelet transfusion, supportive care, and multidisciplinary follow-up. Follow-up MRV showed recanalization. Conclusion: This case highlights SCT as a potential CVST risk factor. Timely recognition, evaluation of precipitants like dehydration, supportive care including anticoagulation, and multidisciplinary management are important. An individualized approach is needed to balance thrombosis recurrence and bleeding risks. Patients with SCT require education on risks and prompt evaluation of neurological symptoms to allow early diagnosis and care of CVST.