Abstract
Detailed studies were made of the drag reduction of poly(ethylene oxide) in water solutions with additions of dyes or sodium dodecyl sulfate. All solutions were well mixed and observations were made in a 2.18 mm tube. Viscosities were also measured as a function of concentration. Several types of behavior were observed. Rhodamine B, Acid Fuschin, Ponceau S, and Fast Green FCF had little or no effect. Evans Blue, Trypan Blue, Aniline Blue, and Congo Red in acid solution all degraded the poly(ethylene oxide). Congo Red in neutral or basic solution, Titan Yellow, and sodium dodecyl sulfate did not degrade the polymer and had similar effects on drag reduction. For this latter group plots of drag reduction versus concentration of dye had a minimum, and the drag reduction approached or exceeded that for polymer alone at dye concentrations over 200 ppm. Specific viscosities were greatly increased by Congo Red but only slightly increased for the other two materials. The results suggest that the SO3 group is responsible for bonding and that drag reduction is increased only when molecules bond at a single place and then extend outward into the solution. Effects of mixing time, molecular weight of polymer, and size of dye molecule are also discussed.
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