Drag reduction of a D-shaped bluff-body using linear parameter varying control

Abstract

In this work, we report on a closed-loop flow control strategy that consistently reduces the drag of a D-shaped bluff body under variable freestream velocity conditions. The control strategy is guided by open-loop tests with pulsed Coanda blowing at two freestream velocities that yield optimal frequencies (Strouhal number of 0.33 and 1.3), which reduce the drag by up to 40%. The strong correlation between drag coefficient (Cd) and the wake fluctuations is exploited for the feedback signal, where a microphone signal is used to measure the pressure fluctuations at the model base. The results demonstrate the ability to perform accurate and robust H∞-based control for drag reduction using solely the wake pressure fluctuations at the model base as feedback signal. The robust control strategy at constant freestream velocity is shown to improve output stability and enhance performance in terms of settling time, even when employing simple models of the flow response with large uncertainty. Building on that success, an H∞-based linear parameter varying controller is designed and implemented to reduce drag under free stream variations and/or fluctuations. Similarly, the results demonstrate improved robustness and performance enhancements.