Abstract
After the historic discovery of IPSCs by Shinya Yamanaka, Sox2 became a highly important factor for its crucial role in reprogramming of somatic cells. The transcriptional control of various phases of nerve cell development, which include stem-cell maintenance, glial specification and lineage-specific terminal differentiation, are not well understood. This is where Sox proteins come into play. Recently, SOX2 expression has been corroborated in several tumor types including ovarian carcinoma, which suggests an involvement of SOX2 in regulation of cancer stem cells (CSC). SOX antibodies have been categorized as specific serological markers for Small cell lung cancer. However Sox2 reduction leads to neurodegeneration. Thus understanding the expression of this protein is very important. Here is an overview of the present knowledge we possess about the functional mechanisms of SOX family, with an effort to understand the role in both development and disease.
Highlights
The Sox family of transcription factors are identified by a highmobility-group DNA-binding domain which was first observed in the mammalian Sry protein [1-3]
The analysis substantiated that introduction of four transcription factors (Oct-3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and KLF4) into mouse embryonic or adult fibroblasts by a retro-viral mediation and selection for the expression of Fbx15, a target of Oct-3/4 and Sox2, resulted in the generation of cells which are similar to embryonic stem cells in morphology, proliferation, and teratoma formation [4] and are recognised as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells [5]
Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the diagnostic value of serum antibodies in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) was done [4] which detected SOX or -Hu serum antibodies in 43% of SCLC patients without clinical paraneoplastic disease and in 67% of SCLC patients with LEMS [4]
Summary
The Sox family of transcription factors are identified by a highmobility-group DNA-binding domain which was first observed in the mammalian Sry protein [1-3]. There are 20 different Sox proteins in mammals and eight in Drosophila melanogaster [1]. Later in 2006, 24 different candidate factors were tested for their ability to induce pluripotency. The analysis substantiated that introduction of four transcription factors (Oct-3/4, Sox, c-Myc, and KLF4) into mouse embryonic or adult fibroblasts by a retro-viral mediation and selection for the expression of Fbx, a target of Oct-3/4 and Sox, resulted in the generation of cells which are similar to embryonic stem cells in morphology, proliferation, and teratoma formation [4] and are recognised as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSc) [5]. Experiments to see roles of different Sox factors in development and disease have been performed
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
