Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) as the fourth most common cause of malignancies shows high rate of morbidity appropriating the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Developmental pluripotency associated-2 (DPPA2), cancer-testis antigen (CT100), is commonly expressed only in the human germ line and pluripotent embryonic cells but it is also present in a significant subset of malignant tumors. To investigate whether or not DPPA2 expression is recalled in GC, our aim in this study was to elucidate DPPA2 protein expression in gastric cancer. Fifty five GC tumor and their related margin normal tissues were recruited to evaluate DPPA2 protein expression and its probable associations with different clinicopathological features of the patients. DPPA2 was overexpressed in GC cases compared with normal tissues (P < .005). While DPPA2 expression was detected in all GC samples, its high expression was found in 23 of 55 tumor tissues (41.8%). Interestingly, 50 of 55 normal samples (90.9%) were negative for DPPA2 protein expression and remained 5 samples showed very low expression of DPPA2. DPPA2 protein expression in GC was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012). The clinical relevance of DPPA2 in GC illustrated that high level expression of this protein was associated with lymph node metastasis supporting this hypothesis that alteration in DPPA2 was associated with aggressiveness of gastric cancer and may be an early event in progression of the disease. DPPA2 may be introduced as a new marker for invasive and metastatic GCs.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) as the fourth most common cause of malignancies shows high rate of morbidity appropriating the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide (Mottaghi-Dastjerdi et al, 2014; Wu et al, 2014)
The clinical relevance of Developmental pluripotency associated-2 (DPPA2) in GC illustrated that high level expression of this protein was associated with lymph node metastasis supporting this hypothesis that alteration in DPPA2 was associated with aggressiveness of gastric cancer and may be an early event in progression of the disease
DPPA2 may be introduced as a new marker for invasive and metastatic GCs
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) as the fourth most common cause of malignancies shows high rate of morbidity appropriating the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide (Mottaghi-Dastjerdi et al, 2014; Wu et al, 2014). Embryo-cancer sequence A (ECSA), a member of cancer-embryo antigens or developmentally restricted differentiation antigens (DRDAGs), is entered into the gene databases as developmental pluripotency associated-2 (DPPA2) which is recognized as cancer-testis antigens (CTs) named CT100. This protein is commonly expressed only in the human germ line and pluripotent embryonic cells but it is present in a significant subset of malignant tumors. The under expression of Dppa and other pluripotent markers such as OCT4 and NANOG is showed during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (Du et al, 2010). While IS=0 was considered as negative, IS < 6 and ≥ 6 were considered as low and high level of protein expression, respectively
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