Dépistage du cancer bronchique

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. This is related to the fact that lung cancer is still diagnosed in an advanced stage in almost half of cases. Earlier diagnosis in a more curable stage would be preferable. Lung cancer screening is receiving much more attention since the randomised National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) proved to be the first ever positive low-dose CT lung cancer screening trial. The implementation of lung cancer screening is now recommended by several American scientific societies based on the NLST criteria for participant selection and screening modalities. Several open issues, however, still need to be addressed in future well-organized low dose CT screening programs. The use of genetic markers or biomarkers may help in better selecting screening participants at highest risk and also in refining the nodule management plan for screen-detected positive nodules. Finally, the cost-effectiveness of low dose CT screening hasn’t yet been reported and this will be extremely important for its further implementation.