Abstract
We extend and complete our analysis arXiv:1608.02380 and study the induced world volume metrics and Hawking temperatures of all type IIB rotating probe Dp-branes, dual to the temperature of different flavors at finite R-charge, in the Ben Ami–Kuperstein–Sonnenschein holographic models including the effects of spontaneous conformal and chiral flavor symmetry breakdown. The model embeds type IIB probe flavor Dp-branes into the Klebanov-Witten gravity dual of conformal gauge theory, with the embedding parameter, given by the minimal radial extension of the probes, dual to the IR scale of conformal and chiral flavor symmetry breakdown. We show that when the minimal extension is positive definite, the induced world volume metrics of type IIB rotating probe branes admit thermal horizons and Hawking temperatures despite the absence of black holes in the bulk subject to the world volume and topology of the nontrivial internal cycle wrapped by the probe. We also derive the energy–stress tensor of the thermal probes and study their backreaction and energy dissipation. We show that at the IR scale the backreaction is nonnegligible and find the energy can flow from the probes to the bulk, dual to the energy dissipation from the flavor sectors into the gauge theory.
Highlights
Nonequilibrium steady states are of great interest in many branches of physics, such as heavy-ion physics, condensed matter physics, and cosmology
We studied the induced world volume metrics of all U-like embedded type IIB rotating probe flavor Dp-branes ðp = 3, 5, 7Þ in the zero temperature KW gravity dual of gauge field theories with spontaneous breakdown of the conformal and chiral flavor symmetry
By gauge/gravity duality, the induced Hawking temperatures of such rotating probes in gravity duals correspond to the temperatures of flavors at finite R–charge and spontaneous breakdown of the conformal and chiral flavor symmetry, and the energy flow from such probes to the bulk to the energy dissipation from the flavor sectors to the gauge theory conformal and chiral flavor symmetry breakdown
Summary
Nonequilibrium steady states are of great interest in many branches of physics, such as heavy-ion physics (thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma), condensed matter physics (quenches of cold atom systems), and cosmology (nonequilibrium phase transitions and the Kibble-Zurek mechanism). [54, 55] it has been shown that when spin is turned on, the induced worldvolume metrics on rotating probe Dp-branes (p = 1, 7 ) in gravity duals of gauge theories with conformal and chiral symmetry breakdown, refs. The motivation of this work is the fact that in such new embeddings the induced worldvolume metrics on rotating probe D3- and D5-branes in KW, if describing black hole geometries, are expected to give the Hawking temperatures dual to the temperatures of flavors in dCFTs (unlike D7 in KW which is a CFT) with spontaneous conformal and chiral flavor symmetry breakdown. Since the gauge field theory itself is at zero temperature while its defect flavor sector is at finite temperature, such systems exemplify novel nonequilibrium steady states in dCFTs with conformal and chiral flavor symmetry breakdown.
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