Abstract
Introduction: Pragmin is the first mammalian protein that contains a functional the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motif. Pragmin was tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases (SFKs), in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, and C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) at EPIYA motif. Pragmin transfected cells induced cell-morphological changes which were characterized by elongated cell shape with invasive phenotype that contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis. This study was established to investigate Src role as a key regulator of cell motility to induce elongated morphology of cells in Pragmin transfected cells by using PP2, a specific inhibitor of Src family protein kinase. Methods: Firstly, AGS cells were transfected by Pragmin and Pragmin mutant (Y391F) using lipofectamine 2000 reagent and then we treated the cells by PP2. Finally, we evaluated cell-morphological changes in the presence or the absence of PP2 by using light microscope and the results were analyzed. Results: Our results showed in AGS cells that were transiently transfected by Pragmin in the presence of PP2 (where Src activity was reduced), number of elongated cells were not changed compared to elongated cell numbers of Pragmin transfected cells in the absence of PP2. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in spite of importance of Src to regulate the cell motility, cell-morphological changes of AGS transfected cells by Pragmin is independent on Src activity and it seems the other mechanism (s) are involved in these process.
Highlights
Pragmin is the first mammalian protein that contains a functional the Glu-ProIle-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motif
Firstly, AGS cells were transfected with Pragmin and Pragmin mutant (Y391F) using lipofectamine 2000 reagent and we treated the cells by PP2
Our results showed in AGS cells that were transiently transfected by Pragmin in the presence of PP2, the number of elongated cells did not change compared to elongated cell numbers of Pragmin transfected cells in the absence of PP2
Summary
Pragmin is the first mammalian protein that contains a functional the Glu-ProIle-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motif. Pragmin ( was known Sgk223) was originally identified as a partner of Rnd[2] that stimulates RhoA to induce cell contraction in neural cells.[1] Pragmin was the first mammalian protein, which contains a single functional GluPro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motif.[2] Among mammalian proteins, there are many proteins with EPIYA (or alike ) motifs and the function(s) of EPIYA motif in most of these proteins are still unknown.[3] EPIYA motifs were originally discovered in CagA Helicobacter pylori.[4,5] All H. pylori strains from the world, dependent on geographic area, contain two types of CagA oncoprotein: Western type and East Asian type (Japan, Korea, and China). These pathogenic bacterial effectors include Anaplasma phagocytophilum AnkA,[7,8] enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Tir,[9] Citrobacter rodentium Tir,[10] Chlamydia trachomatis Tarp,[11] Haemophilus ducreyi
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