Abstract
R is an open source statistical programming language based on the commercial programming language S. The S language was developed at Bell Laboratories in the 1970s and 1980s, mainly by John Chambers. The last version of S, called S4, came out in 1998. The R language was initially developed by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland (in New Zealand) through “clean-room” methods. R was written to mimic S, but with its own code. The first official version of the R language was released in 1995 and version v1.0 in 2000. The current version of R is v4.1.1 (as of September 2021). R is a GNU package and is released under the GNU General Public License. The Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) makes the language and packages available and is a network of mirrors at institutions. CRAN was first deployed in 1997. (The preceding information is from the Wikipedia pages S (programming language) and R (programming language).) The citation for R is
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