Abstract
In this paper we present a review of the application of two types of magnetic sensors—fluxgate magnetometers and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensors—in the oil/gas industry. These magnetic sensors play a critical role in drilling wells safely, accurately and efficiently into a target reservoir zone by providing directional data of the well and acquiring information about the surrounding geological formations. Research into magnetic sensors for oil/gas drilling has not been explored by researchers to the same extent as other applications, such as biomedical, magnetic storage and automotive/aerospace applications. Therefore, this paper aims to serve as an opportunity for researchers to truly understand how magnetic sensors can be used in a downhole environment and to provide fertile ground for research and development in this area. A look ahead, discussing other magnetic sensor technologies that can potentially be used in the oil/gas industry is presented, and what is still needed in order deploy them in the field is also addressed.
Highlights
Magnetic sensors have been used in an extraordinary number of applications over the years, in the fields as diverse as automation, automotive, aerospace, biomedicine, computers, security, robotics, smart grids and textile technologies [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19], and their utilization continues to increase at a rapid rate due to the advancements made in the area of nano-/microfabrication
Experts in the office, rig personnel, and service companies, enabling them to communicate with each illustrates, there is a real-time directional drilling display available to a drilling engineer to show the other to monitor and guide navigation operations in an efficient manner
MD is the total length of the well and TVD is the vertical distance (MD) and total vertical depth (TVD) of the well along with the east-west and north-south coordinates from the surface to the final depth of the directional well
Summary
Magnetic sensors have been used in an extraordinary number of applications over the years, in the fields as diverse as automation, automotive, aerospace, biomedicine, computers, security, robotics, smart grids and textile technologies [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19], and their utilization continues to increase at a rapid rate due to the advancements made in the area of nano-/microfabrication. Declining resources have forced oil/gas companies to drill deeper in different directions, and in more extreme and unknown environments. One of the main ways of maximizing access to an oil/gas reservoir is to drill directional wells [20,21]. Directional drilling is the intentional deviation of a well from a vertical path at a predetermined trajectory, which allows access to reservoirs that cannot be reached efficiently with a vertical well drilled from the surface and maximizing reachability inside a reservoir. There are many considerations that have to be taken into account, such as target location, shape and size, well trajectory, geological formations, adjacent wells and rig surface facilities. Failure to accurately drill a directional well can result in a ‘dry hole’, and significant financial losses for the company, as well as impacting their business strategy
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