Abstract
Algae offer promising feedstocks for the production of renewable fuel and chemical intermediates. However, poor outdoor winter cultivation capacity currently limits deployment potential. In this study, 300 distinct algal strains were screened in saline medium to determine their cultivation suitability during winter conditions in Mesa, Arizona. Three strains, from the genera Micractinium, Chlorella, and Scenedesmus, were chosen following laboratory evaluations and grown outdoors in 1000 L raceway ponds during the winter. Strains were down-selected based on doubling time, lipid and carbohydrate amount, final biomass accumulation capacity, cell size and phylogenetic diversity. Algal biomass productivity and compositional analysis for lipids and carbohydrates show successful outdoor deployment and cultivation under winter conditions for these strains. Outdoor harvest-yield biomass productivities ranged from 2.9 to 4.0 g/m2/day over an 18 days winter cultivation trial, with maximum productivities ranging from 4.0 to 6.5 g/m2/day, the highest productivities reported to date for algal winter strains grown in saline media in open raceway ponds. Peak fatty acid levels ranged from 9 to 26% percent of biomass, and peak carbohydrate levels ranged from 13 to 34% depending on the strain. Changes in the lipid and carbohydrate profile throughout outdoor growth are reported. This study demonstrates that algal strain screening under simulated outdoor environmental conditions in the laboratory enables identification of strains with robust biomass productivity and biofuel precursor composition. The strains isolated here represent promising winter deployment candidates for seasonal algal biomass production when using crop rotation strategies.
Highlights
Algae are a promising source of renewable biomass that can be converted to biofuels and bioproducts
When choosing which strains to deploy, outdoor biomass productivity and composition were used as primary selection criteria, qualitative observations of cell size, morphology, and auto settling capacity were utilized to ensure a diverse set of organisms were cultivated outdoors
The diversity is reflected in the genus level speciation of the strains grown outdoors, 14-F2 (Micractinium reisseri), 4-C12 (Chlorella vulgaris), 46B-D3 (Scenedesmus rubescens); along with their respective cell sizes, 4.2 ± 0.5, 5.7 ± 0.7, and 11.7 ± 1.6 μm
Summary
Algae are a promising source of renewable biomass that can be converted to biofuels and bioproducts. Algae can mitigate the problems associated with climate change by reducing the need to burn additional fossil fuels. In contrast to Winter Seasonal Deployment of Halotolerant Microalgae fossil fuels, algae utilize CO2 already in the atmosphere and can potentially be integrated with power plants to consume CO2 emissions from the generation of electricity or other point source CO2 emissions. Despite the apparent promise of algal biomass, algae have yet to be fully utilized at industrial scales, due in part to the poor correlation of productivities measured in the laboratory to outdoor performance and lack of cost competitiveness with traditional petroleum-based fuel resources at current prices (Sheehan et al, 1978; Quinn and Davis, 2015)
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