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Abstract
The strawberry Fra a 1 proteins belong to the class 10 Pathogenesis-Related (PR-10) superfamily. In strawberry, a large number of members have been identified, but only a limited number is expressed in the fruits. In this organ, Fra a 1.01 and Fra a 1.02 are the most abundant Fra proteins in the green and red fruits, respectively, however, their function remains unknown. To know the function of Fra a 1.02 we have generated transgenic lines that silence this gene, and performed metabolomics, RNA-Seq, and hormonal assays. Previous studies associated Fra a 1.02 to strawberry fruit color, but the analysis of anthocyanins in the ripe fruits showed no diminution in their content in the silenced lines. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the genes differentially expressed indicated that oxidation/reduction was the most represented biological process. Redox state was not apparently altered since no changes were found in ascorbic acid and glutathione (GSH) reduced/oxidized ratio, but GSH content was reduced in the silenced fruits. In addition, a number of glutathione-S-transferases (GST) were down-regulated as result of Fra a 1.02-silencing. Another highly represented GO category was transport which included a number of ABC and MATE transporters. Among the regulatory genes differentially expressed WRKY33.1 and WRKY33.2 were down-regulated, which had previously been assigned a role in strawberry plant defense. A reduced expression of the VQ23 gene and a diminished content of the hormones JA, SA, and IAA were also found. These data might indicate that Fra a 1.02 participates in the defense against pathogens in the ripe strawberry fruits.
Highlights
Introduction The family of Fra a1 proteins in strawberry (Fragaria spp) belong to the superfamily of Pathogenesis-Related class 10 (PR-10) proteins
Silencing of Fra a 1.02 in strawberry fruits has no effect on fruit color development
We should emphasize that the silencing approach has been effective, being an adequate alternative to gene editing, which might be difficult to pursue in this octoploid species, Fragaria x ananassa, whose assembled genome is still uncomplete
Summary
Introduction The family of Fra a1 proteins in strawberry (Fragaria spp) belong to the superfamily of Pathogenesis-Related class 10 (PR-10) proteins. PR-10 proteins are constitutively expressed in the cytoplasm of different plant tissues and organs and are frequently up-regulated after biotic and abiotic stress[1]. A large number of PR-10 genes have been identified in different species with expression patterns that differ between normal growth and stress conditions[2,3]. 39 Fra a 1 genes have been identified to date[4]. Transcriptome analysis of the ripening fruit, achenes and receptacle separately, and vegetative tissues showed different expression patterns for each Fra a 1 gene[5]. In these tissues, Fra a 1.01 to Fra a 1.086,7 are highly expressed. Fra a 1.01 showed the highest expression
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