Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and the viral RNA mimic, polyinosine–polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), are recognized by toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) that mediates the innate immune response to viral infections. In this study, we investigated the effects of poly(I:C) on the production of chemokines (IL-8, RANTES, and eotaxin), Type I IFNs (IFNα and IFNβ), Th1-cytokines (IL-12 and IFNγ), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) by human nasal mucosa-derived fibroblasts. Human nasal fibroblasts were treated with poly(I:C), and levels of cytokines and chemokines were measured by ELISA. Incubation with poly(I:C) significantly enhanced the secretion of RANTES and IL-8. However, eotaxin, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFNα, IFNγ, and IL-12 were not secreted from nasal fibroblasts stimulated with poly(I:C). The JNK inhibitor SP600125 and the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 significantly blocked the poly(I:C)-induced release of RANTES and IL-8, whereas the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 suppressed poly(I:C)-induced secretion of IL-8, but not RANTES. Nasal fibroblasts play an important role in initiating antiviral responses and inflammation of the nasal cavity by producing chemokines leading to enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment.
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