Abstract
In this study, we applied a double-sided inductively coupled plasma (ICP) process to nanostructure long-period fiber grating (LPFG) in order to fabricate a double-notched LPFG (DNLPFG) sensor with a double-sided surface corrugated periodic grating. Using the sol-gel method, we also added thymol blue and ZnO to form a gas sensing layer, thus producing a DNLPFG CO2 gas sensor. The resulting sensor is the first double-sided etching sensor used to measure CO2. The experimental results showed that as the CO2 concentration increased, the transmission loss increased, and that the smaller the fiber diameter, the greater the sensitivity and the greater the change in transmission loss. When the diameter of the fiber was 32 μm (and the period was 570 μm) and the perfusion rate of CO2 gas was 15%, the maximum loss variation of up to 3.881 dB was achieved, while the sensitivity was 0.2146 dB/% and the linearity was 0.992. These results demonstrate that the DNLPG CO2 gas sensor is highly sensitive.
Highlights
In recent years, optical fiber has been utilized in an extensive range of applications due to its light weight, immunity to electro-magnetic interference, low power consumption, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance [1]
We used the sol-gel method [20] to mix thymol blue with ZnO and coated that mixture on double notched LPFG (NLPFG) (DNLPFG) to create a CO2 sensor that is small in size, easy to manufacture, easy to carry, and low in cost
A spectrometer was used to observe the changes in the DNLPFG sensor spectrum after different concentrations of CO2 was to the was used used to observe observe the changes changes in in the the DNLPFG
Summary
Optical fiber has been utilized in an extensive range of applications due to its light weight, immunity to electro-magnetic interference, low power consumption, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance [1]. The attenuation dip of LPFG is sensitive to environmental parameters and can be used to measure and monitor changes in physical parameters That is, it can be used as an optical fiber sensor. Segawa et al [17] used the sol-gel method to coat thymol blue on optic fiber in order to measure CO2 concentrations, finding that the maximum transmission loss variation for their sensor was 2.08 dB, while its sensitivity was about 0.112 dB/%. We used the sol-gel method [20] to mix thymol blue with ZnO and coated that mixture on DNLPFG to create a CO2 sensor that is small in size, easy to manufacture, easy to carry, and low in cost
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