Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is still the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies, despite the recent progress in cancer therapy. Immune escape and drug resistance, especially platinum-based chemotherapy, are significant factors causing disease progression, recurrence and poor prognosis in OC patients. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level. Accumulating evidence have indicated their crucial roles in platinum resistance. Importantly, they also act as mediators of tumor immune escape/evasion. In this review, we summarize the recent study of miRNAs involved in platinum resistance of OC and systematically analyses miRNAs involved in the regulation of OC immune escape. Further understanding of miRNAs roles and their possible mechanisms in platinum resistance and tumor escape may open new avenues for improving OC therapy.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer (OC) is gynecologic malignancy with high mortality rate and is predicted to be the fifth leading cause of female cancer deaths in the United States [1]
Despite a high initial response rate, the majority of advanced stage OC patients will become increasingly resistant to platinum and have a poor prognosis [3]
We summarize the current knowledge of miRNAs involved in platinum chemoresistance and immune escape in OC and discuss their potential applications for improving OC treatment
Summary
Ovarian cancer (OC) is gynecologic malignancy with high mortality rate and is predicted to be the fifth leading cause of female cancer deaths in the United States [1]. The high mortality of OC remains a global health problem despite the recent progress achieved in OC treatment. The failure in early diagnosis and drug resistance result in poor prognosis of OC patients [2]. It is urgent to address the underlying mechanisms contributing to poor prognosis and develop more effective therapeutic strategies. Despite a high initial response rate, the majority of advanced stage OC patients will become increasingly resistant to platinum and have a poor prognosis [3]. Immune escape/evasion is another critical problem that cannot be ignored in the treatment of OC. Though immunotherapy has produced promising results in some malignancies, the therapeutic effect of OC patients is not ideal, which has been mainly attributed to the immune evasion [5]. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs containing 18 to 25 nucleotides, which play important roles in regulating target gene expression through incompletely pairing to the
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