Double Haploid Development and Assessment of Androgenic Competence of Balkan Pepper Core Collection in Bulgaria

Stanislava Grozeva,Velichka Todorova,Gancho Pasev,Valentina Ivanova,Vesela Radeva-Ivanova,Amol N Nankar

doi:10.3390/plants10112414

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the androgenic potential of 180 pepper accessions and 11 progenies (four F1 and seven BC) possessing PMMoV resistance in order to complement an ongoing pepper breeding program. The experiment was carried out in 10 replications with 20 anthers for each accession in two different induction mediums from 2017 to 2019. The highest androgenic response was observed in culture medium 17-2 but differences between two mediums were nonsignificant. From a total of 191 genotypes, 102 genotypes expressed a potential for direct embryogenesis. Embryo induction was seen to be genotype-dependent and decreased in the following order: Pumpkin > Conical > Bell or blocky > Round > Elongate as the most responsive genotypes with over 10% reacted anthers being observed in CAPS-23, CAPS-29, CAPS-127, CAPS-157, CAPS-169, F1 and BC 887 derived from CAPS-23. The number of regenerated plants was higher in the conical group and least in the round varietal group. Regenerated plants were examined visually and by flow cytometry for identification of spontaneous doubled haploids (DH) and haploids. Those originating from F1 and BC progenies were additionally evaluated by a CAPS marker targeting L4 allele for resistance against PMMoV. Obtained results revealed two groups consisting of homozygous susceptible and resistant plants. Therefore, use of anther culture in ongoing breeding will greatly facilitate the pepper genetic improvement.

Highlights

Pepper is a widespread vegetable well known for its diverse uses in food and spice, and as an ornamental and medicinal plant across the world [1]
A formed embryo with a frequency over 25% was established in four accessions (CAPS-104, CAPS-105, CAPS-128, and CAPS-164) and from 15% to Plants 2021, 10, 2414
TThheeexepxepreimrimenetnatlawl owrkorwkaswcaosndcuocntdeudcwteidth w18i0thpe1p8p0erpaecpcpeessrioancsceosfsCioanpssicoufmCaanpnsuicuumm La.nbneuluomngLin.gbteoloEnlgoinnggattoe (E3l5o)n, gRaotuen(d35()7, )R, Couonndica(7l )(,96C)o, nBieclallo(r9b6)l,ocBkeyll (o1r7)b, laoncdkyPu(1m7)p, kainnd shaped (25) varietal groups. This pepper collection was created a decade ago based on expeditions, national and international projects and germplasm exchange and personal contacts. It was collected from six different Balkan countries including Bulgaria (114), Serbia (28), Macedonia (16), Romania (9), Albania (7), and Greece (3), with three accessions of unknown origin, the majority of the accessions are from Bulgaria

Summary

Introduction

Pepper is a widespread vegetable well known for its diverse uses in food and spice, and as an ornamental and medicinal plant across the world [1]. Pepper has a significant economic and socio-cultural importance across the Balkan peninsula and has appreciable diversity comprised of unique forms that are not grown in other parts of the world [2,3]. Different methods for haploid induction including parthenogenesis, interspecific hybridization, and pollination with irradiated pollen have been exploited [10,11]. In addition to these techniques, in vitro androgenesis via anther or microspore culture have been seen as very viable and successful techniques to obtain haploids and doubled-haploids in pepper [12,13,14]

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Conclusion