Double‐ended technique for distinguishing series faults from shunt faults on transmission lines using the sequential components of impedance

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This study describes a new double-ended technique for distinguishing series faults from shunt faults. The proposed method is based on the sequential components of impedance. Using the local and remote positive-sequence voltage and the local positive-sequence current, a new value is introduced and utilised to distinguish series faults, mostly known as broken conductors, from shunt faults. As the proposed method utilises a double-ended technique, it will act when the necessary information of the remote end of the line is received. By detecting the broken conductor condition within a few power cycles, this method can trip the circuit breakers at both line ends before any conductor contacts the earth, and thus can avoid safety problems and damages to the electrical equipment. Moreover, it can also classify which type of broken conductor (one-phase or two-phase) condition has occurred. The excellent performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by extensive simulation studies with MATLAB/Simulink.