Abstract
This study presents numerical simulations on double-diffusive flow of a nanofluid in two cavities connected with four vertical gates. Novel shape of an outer square shape mounted on a square cavity by four gates was used. Heterogeneous porous media and Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid are filled in an inner cavity. Outer rectangle shape is filled with a nanofluid only, and its left walls carry high temperature T h and high concentration C h . The right walls of a rectangle shape carry low temperature T c and low concentration C c and the other walls are adiabatic. An incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is applied for solving the governing equations of velocities, temperature, and concentration. Results are introduced for the effects of a buoyancy ratio − 2 ≤ N ≤ 2 , Darcy parameter 10 − 3 ≤ Da ≤ 10 − 5 , solid volume fraction 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05 , and porous levels. Main results are indicated in which the buoyancy ratio parameter adjusts the directions of double-diffusive convection flow in an outer shape and inner cavity. Adding more concentration of nanoparticles reduces the flow speed and maximum of the velocity field. Due to the presence of a porous medium layer in an inner cavity, the Darcy parameter has slight changes inside the rectangle shape.
Highlights
Double-diffusive convection is a form of convection flow resulting from the variations of the diffusion rates [1]
Chowdhury et al [22] studied the double-diffusive convection in an enclosure filled by porous media and nanofluid with considering heat generation effects. e incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method was adopted by Aly and Raizah [23] to simulate double-diffusive convection in an enclosure filled with a nanofluid
The ISPH method is used for the simulation of thermo-solutal convection in an outer square shape connected with a center square cavity. e outer square shape and inner square cavity are filled with Al2O3-water nanofluid, and the inner cavity is saturated by a heterogeneous porous medium
Summary
Double-diffusive convection is a form of convection flow resulting from the variations of the diffusion rates [1]. Nithiarasu et al [6] generalized a model for non-Darcy flow of double-diffusive convection in a porous annulus. Mohebbi and Rashidi [21] used the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to study numerically the natural convection flow of nanofluid in L−shaped enclosure containing a heating obstacle. Chowdhury et al [22] studied the double-diffusive convection in an enclosure filled by porous media and nanofluid with considering heat generation effects. E ISPH method was adopted by Aly and Raizah [23] to simulate double-diffusive convection in an enclosure filled with a nanofluid. The ISPH method is used for the simulation of thermo-solutal convection in an outer square shape connected with a center square cavity. It is found that an augmentation in buoyancy ratio parameter increases the thermo-solutal convection in both of outer square shape and inner cavity. An incremental in solid volume fraction augments viscosity of water, and the flow speed decreases
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