Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the rhizome extract against inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with meloxicam in patients with osteoarthritis at knee.
 Materials and Methods: This study designed two phases as follows: The preparation of rhizome extract in a capsule dosage form which was then followed by double-blind clinical trials, randomized controlled, pre- and post-test design (18 cases) using the WOMAC scores for pain, to markers of inflammation using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
 Results: The results did not reveal any significant differences in pain scores, stiffnesses, and physical function impairment between the intervention (the rhizome extract) and control groups (meloxicam), it either did not reveal any significant differences in the parameters of inflammatory marker TNF alpha and PGE2 among the groups.
 Conclusion: The rhizome extract had the same effect on pain, stiffness, physical interference as meloxicam, and on PGE2 as well as on the inflammatory marker TNF-alpha. Therefore, this extract can be used as an alternative herbal medicine for osteoarthritis.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis is a progressive disease characterized by the degeneration of cartilage and joint tissue changes that cause pain, stiffness, and disability [1]
This study indicates that K. galanga rhizome extract can be an alternative for traditional medicine in relieving symptoms and clinical signs of inflammation on osteoarthritis such as pain, swelling, stiffness, and disability in addition to the provision of chemical drugs such as meloxicam
The mean body mass index (BMI) of respondents fall into the category of obesity and all parameters of blood tests are normal except in the category of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha
Summary
Osteoarthritis is a progressive disease characterized by the degeneration of cartilage and joint tissue changes that cause pain, stiffness, and disability [1]. The disease is common in the elderly causing disability in old ages [2,3]. The incidence of osteoarthritis increases with age and is estimated about 80% of the population aged 65 years proven radiologically. A report released by the Indonesian Ministry Health in 2013 stated that the national prevalence in Indonesia reached 24.7%. For several regions in Indonesia reported high prevalence, in Pontianak (89.91% cases) and the highest is at age 55–60 years (28.93%). The high prevalence of osteoarthritis disease requires serious attention to prevention, especially on the level of disability at old ages [1]
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