Double-arterial cannulation for aortic valve replacement with porcelain aorta

Abstract

We describe a new technique of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with porcelain aorta. Three patients (mean age 75 years) were treated. The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established after side-graft right axillary artery and direct femoral artery cannulation. Venous drainage was obtained by atrio-caval cannulation. The procedures were performed in mild hypothermia (30 degrees C). Cerebral perfusion was carried out by clamping the innominate artery and all epiaortic vessels. The aorta was endoclamped by a Foley balloon inserted into the isthmus. The aorta was then opened longitudinally for 10 cm to expose and replace the aortic valve. Near-infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) and bilateral radial artery pressure were used to monitor effective cerebral perfusion. Operative mortality was absent. The mean time of CPB was 73 min. NIRS-derived tissue oxygenation was maintained above 55%. Postoperative course was uneventful. This technique has several advantages: first, the cannulation of right axillary and the common femoral artery allows simultaneous cerebral and systemic perfusion. Second, any form of cross-clamp is avoided and the aorta is occluded away from the epiaortic vessels. Third, there is an increased freedom to choose the best place for aortotomy.