Abstract
Antiresonant hollow core fibers (ARHCFs) have gained some attention due to their notoriously attractive characteristics on managing optical properties. In this work, an inline optical fiber sensor based on a hollow square core fiber (HSCF) is proposed. The sensor presents double antiresonance (AR), namely an internal AR and an external AR. The sensor was designed in a transmission configuration, where the sensing head was spliced between two single mode fibers (SMFs). A simulation was carried out to predict the behaviors of both resonances, and revealed a good agreement with the experimental observations and the theoretical model. The HSCF sensor presented curvature sensitivities of −0.22 nm/m−1 and −0.90 nm/m−1, in a curvature range of 0 m−1 to 1.87 m−1, and temperature sensitivities of 21.7 pm/°C and 16.6 pm/°C, in a temperature range of 50 °C to 500 °C, regarding the external resonance and internal resonance, respectively. The proposed sensor is promising for the implementation of several applications where simultaneous measurement of curvature and temperature are required.
Highlights
The development of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) has revolutionized the sensing field
The Antiresonant hollow core fibers (ARHCFs), whose light guidance relies on the principle of antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) [9,10], has been subject of scrutiny due to the numerous advantages it holds, such as ultralow loss and dispersion [4,11,12,13,14], reduced nonlinearities [13,15], ultrashort pulse delivery [13,16,17,18], and a broad bandwidth [11,12,19]
Liu et al [35] proposed a temperature ARHCF sensor based on a HCF spliced between two single mode fibers (SMF), in a transmission configuration, with a sensitivity of 33.4 pm/°C
Summary
The development of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) has revolutionized the sensing field. Curvature and temperature sensors find themselves crucial in many current applications, in fields of mechanical and civil engineering [29,30], structural health monitoring [29,31], astrophysics [31], industry [32], and medicine [33,34]. With the prospect of a wide practicability, several temperature and curvature sensors based on ARHCF have been designed and further developed in the past years. Liu et al [35] proposed a temperature ARHCF sensor based on a HCF spliced between two single mode fibers (SMF), in a transmission configuration, with a sensitivity of 33.4 pm/°C. The use of a newly designed ARHCF is demonstrated to simultaneously measure curvature and temperature. The fiber used in this study is hollow square core measure curvature and temperature. The sensing sensing structure was attained by resorting to a simple configuration SMF-HSCF-SMF.
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