Abstract
Currently, the use of blood irradiation for inactivating pathogenic microbes in infected blood products and preventing graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in immune suppressed patients is greater than ever before. In these systems, dose distribution and uniformity are two important concepts that should be checked. In this study, dosimetry of the gamma chamber blood irradiator model Gammacell 3000 Elan was performed by several dosimeter methods including thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD), PAGAT gel dosimetry, and Monte Carlo simulations using MCNP4C code. The gel dosimeter was put inside a glass phantom and the TL dosimeters were placed on its surface, and the phantom was then irradiated for 5 min and 27 sec. The dose values at each point inside the vials were obtained from the magnetic resonance imaging of the phantom. For Monte Carlo simulations, all components of the irradiator were simulated and the dose values in a fine cubical lattice were calculated using tally F6. This study shows that PAGAT gel dosimetry results are in close agreement with the results of TL dosimetry, Monte Carlo simulations, and the results given by the vendor, and the percentage difference between the different methods is less than 4% at different points inside the phantom. According to the results obtained in this study, PAGAT gel dosimetry is a reliable method for dosimetry of the blood irradiator. The major advantage of this kind of dosimetry is that it is capable of 3D dose calculation.PACS number: 87.53.Bn
Highlights
318 Mohammadyari et al.: Blood irradiator dosimetry radiation dose of only 25 Gy is necessary for lymphocytes to be efficiently inactivated in red blood cell units
Gel dosimetry systems are true 3D dosimeters.[18]. No other conventional dosimeter is capable of fulfilling the requirements of a comprehensive 3D measurement of dose distribution in high-dose gradients and in an irregular shape radiation field.[19]. PAGAT (PAG polymer gel and tetrakis phosphonium chloride (THPC) antioxidant) polymer gel dosimeter is considered to be one of the most promising dosimetry systems which has the potential to verify 3D dose distribution.[20]. According to the protocol of Shiraz Blood Transfusion Center, it is recommended that the dose profile be checked every six months; it is necessary to use an accurate dosimeter
Once the gel dosimeter was built using a standard procedure, the phantom was filled by the gel and irradiated in the blood irradiator (Cs-137)
Summary
318 Mohammadyari et al.: Blood irradiator dosimetry radiation dose of only 25 Gy is necessary for lymphocytes to be efficiently inactivated in red blood cell units. Nuclear radioactive sources like Cs-137 are used to deliver doses to blood products, and errors in calculating the radioactive decay of the radiation source[7] should be considered as a physical factor influencing the dose delivered to the blood product. Based on this fact, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommend a regular dose validation[12] and verification of the recommended dose of 25 Gy to the midplane of the irradiated blood unit.[13] So it is necessary for the dose rate and dose profile in the gamma chamber blood irradiator be measured.
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