Abstract
Dose-sparing intradermal (ID) vaccination may induce the same immune responses as intramuscular (IM) vaccination, which can increase vaccine supplies and save costs. In this study, rats were immunized with fractional-dose of Sabin-derived IPV combined with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP-sIPV) intradermally with hollow microneedle devices called MicronJet600 and the vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy were evaluated and compared with those of full-dose intramuscular immunization. We tested levels of antibodies and the subclass distribution achieved via different immunization routes. Furthermore, gene transcription in the lung and spleen, cytokine levels and protection against Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) infection were also examined. The humoral immune effect of DTaP-sIPV delivered with MicronJet600 revealed that this approach had a significant dose-sparing effect and induced more effective protection against B. pertussis infection by causing Th1/Th17 responses. In conclusion, ID immunization of DTaP-sIPV with the MicronJet600 is a better choice than IM immunization, and it has the potential to be a new DTaP-sIPV vaccination strategy.
Highlights
In the final stage of polio eradication, for the purpose of completely eliminating vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and disease caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for global sequential removal of Sabin serotype 2 from the trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine and the inclusion of at least one dose of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) in routine infant schedules in 2016 (Manikkam et al, 2013)
We explored whether intradermal injection of a partial dose of DTaP-sIPV can induce an immune response equivalent or superior to that induced by intramuscular injection, whether there is a dose-sparing effect, and whether there is an interaction between antigens when this combined vaccine is delivered via the intradermal route
To evaluate the immune responses induced by different doses and routes of immunization, antibodies against Pertussis toxoid (PT), Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), Pertactin (PRN), Diphtheria toxoid (DT) or Tetanus toxoid (TT) along with the neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) of all three serotypes of polioviruses were measured before vaccination and 28 days after each dose of vaccination (Figure 2)
Summary
In the final stage of polio eradication, for the purpose of completely eliminating vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and disease caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs), the World Health Organization (WHO) called for global sequential removal of Sabin serotype 2 from the trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (tOPV) and the inclusion of at least one dose of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) in routine infant schedules in 2016 (Manikkam et al, 2013). Only four major manufacturers are currently prequalified by WHO for conventional IPVs (cIPVs), which is Intradermal DTaP-sIPV Immunization With Microneedle produced using virulent poliovirus strains (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015) and another IPV that uses attenuated Sabin strain (sIPV) to avoid the potential biosafety risk of environmental release of virulent polioviruses from cIPV manufacturing facilities was developed recently and manufactured in only China and Japan (Bakker et al, 2011). These factors have led to a global IPV shortage, as the increasing demand cannot be fulfilled by the limited number of manufacturers. There is an urgent need for new vaccines that can prevent both infection and transmission
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