Dose-response relationships between dairy intake and non-communicable chronic diseases: an NHANES-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the possible association between dairy and NCDs and identify possible dairy types that could lower the odds of NCDs. Data were from the 2003–2016 NHANES, a cross-sectional study with 20,297 adults. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were conducted. In the highest intake group (>250 g/d, 1 daily serving), yogurt and milk were inversely associated with the odds of general obesity and central obesity [OR (95% CI), general obesity, 0.74 (0.60–0.91) and 0.75 (0.68–0.83); central obesity, 0.70 (0.56–0.87), and 0.77 (0.70–0.86), respectively, p < 0.05]. Higher milk intake is inversely associated with diabetes, and higher cream intake is associated with a lower likelihood of hyperlipidaemia. The intake of yogurt, milk, cheese, and butter was 0–308 g/d (0–1.2 daily servings), 0–887 g/d (0–3.5 daily servings), <75 g/d (1.7 daily servings), and <15 g/d (0.5 daily servings), respectively.