Dose-response of different dietary leucine levels on growth performance and amino acid metabolism in piglets differing for aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase genotypes

Micol Bertocchi,Vincenzo Motta,Anisa Ribani,Tristan Chalvon-Demersay,Diana Luise,Keiko Matsunaga,Aude Simongiovanni,Etienne Corrent,Luca Fontanesi,Makoto Bannai,Paolo Bosi,Paolo Trevisi,Tetsuya Takimoto,Chiara Salvarani,Samuele Bovo

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55006-z

Micol Bertocchi, Vincenzo Motta + Show 13 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55006-z

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Abstract

Dose-response studies of dietary leucine (Leu) in weaners are needed for a proper diet formulation. Dietary Leu effect was assessed in a 3-weeks dose-response trial with a 2 (genotype) x 5 (diets) factorial arrangement on one-hundred weaned pigs (9 to 20 kg body weight (BW)). Pigs differed for a polymorphism at the aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase (AASS) gene, involved in lysine (Lys) metabolism. Pigs received experimental diets (d7 to d28) differing for the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Leu:Lys: 70%, 85%, 100%, 115%, 130%. Daily feed intake (ADFI), daily gain (ADG) and feed:gain (F:G) in all pigs and ADG and F:G in two classes of BW were analyzed using regression analysis with curvilinear-plateau (CLP) and linear quadratic function (LQ) models. Amino acid (AA) concentrations in plasma, liver, muscle and urine were determined. AASS genotype did not affect the parameters. Dietary Leu affected performance parameters, with a maximum response for ADG and F:G between 100.5% and 110.7% SID Leu:Lys, higher than the usually recommended one, and between 110.5% and 115.4% and between 94.9% and 110.2% SID Leu:Lys for ADG for light and heavy pigs respectively. AA variations in tissues highlighted Leu role in protein synthesis and its influence on the other branched chain AAs.

Highlights

Dose-response studies of dietary leucine (Leu) in weaners are needed for a proper diet formulation
Amino acid (AA) requirement estimation has become pivotal in diet formulation to allow for a high feed efficiency and to maximize feed intake and growth rate in growing pigs, which implies the importance of knowing the metabolism of each AA and role considering different pig genotypes and phenotypes[3]
Average daily gain (ADG) was significantly affected by the diets for every week after the diet differentiation (d7) (P = 0.022 for week 2 and P < 0.0001 for the others) and for the whole experimental period (d7 - d28), increasing from 70 to 115% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Leu:Lys group (P < 0.0001)

Summary

Introduction

Dose-response studies of dietary leucine (Leu) in weaners are needed for a proper diet formulation. AA variations in tissues highlighted Leu role in protein synthesis and its influence on the other branched chain AAs. The reduction of crude protein (CP) content in pig diets can be beneficial to reduce nitrogen environmental losses from the animals, when the dietary formulation is based on the use of the net energy system and balanced AA1. The reduction of crude protein (CP) content in pig diets can be beneficial to reduce nitrogen environmental losses from the animals, when the dietary formulation is based on the use of the net energy system and balanced AA1 This implies a consequent supplementation with synthetized essential amino acids (AA) to maintain performance[2]. The first one is a reversible transamination that produce branched-chain α-keto-acids These products enter in the second step for an irreversible decarboxylation, which is rate limiting for BCAA catabolism. The effect of age or live weight was not considered in the previous studies

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