Abstract
Purpose: The effect of different radiation qualities on (i) 53BP1 (p53 Binding Protein 1) and p-ATM (phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated) foci induction, and (ii) on the kinetics of foci disappearance was analysed.Material and methods: Normal human skin fibroblasts were exposed to 240 kV broad-field X-rays or targeted with individually counted helium (3He) particles or protons (1H) from a Charged Particle Microbeam. Anti-p-ATM and anti-53BP1 antibodies were used for foci visualisation via immunocytochemistry.Results: 1 Gy of X-rays yielded ≈ 33 53BP1-positive foci/cell. The ratio between the number of delivered particles and yielded tracks was found to be 1:1 and 3:1 after targeted 3He and 1H irradiation, respectively. It was determined that ≈ 50% of radiation-induced damage was repaired as measured by loss of foci during the first 2, 6, and 10 hours following X-ray, protons, and 3He irradiation, respectively.Conclusions: There was significant radiation quality dependence for 53BP1- and p-ATM-positive foci induction observed. Foci disappearance was radiation dose-independent in the samples irradiated with X-rays. Our results confirm that kinetics of foci disappearance depends on radiation quality, even when individual ions are targeted to cells.
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