Abstract
In order to assess coronary artery calcium (CAC) quantification reproducibility for photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) at reduced tube potential, an anthropomorphic thorax phantom with low-, medium-, and high-density CAC inserts was scanned with PCCT (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers) at two heart rates: 0 and 60–75 beats per minute (bpm). Five imaging protocols were used: 120 kVp standard dose (IQ level 16, reference), 90 kVp at standard (IQ level 16), 75% and 45% dose and tin-filtered 100 kVp at standard dose (IQ level 16). Each scan was repeated five times. Images were reconstructed using monoE reconstruction at 70 keV. For each heart rate, CAC values, quantified as Agatston scores, were compared with the reference, whereby deviations >10% were deemed clinically relevant. Reference protocol radiation dose (as volumetric CT dose index) was 4.06 mGy. Radiation dose was reduced by 27%, 44%, 67%, and 46% for the 90 kVp standard dose, 90 kVp 75% dose, 90 kVp 45% dose, and Sn100 standard dose protocol, respectively. For the low-density CAC, all reduced tube current protocols resulted in clinically relevant differences with the reference. For the medium- and high-density CAC, the implemented 90 kVp protocols and heart rates revealed no clinically relevant differences in Agatston score based on 95% confidence intervals. In conclusion, PCCT allows for reproducible Agatston scores at a reduced tube voltage of 90 kVp with radiation dose reductions up to 67% for medium- and high-density CAC.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in both the UnitedStates of America and Europe [1]
CAC assessment is recommended by several guidelines to improve clinical risk prediction in appropriately selected asymptomatic individuals, which results in a high number of examinations [6,7,9]
Automatic exposure control at standard dose (IQ level 16) with tube voltages 120 kVp, 90 kVp, and Sn100 kVp resulted in a radiation dose of 4.06 mGy, 2.97 mGy, and 2.21 mGy, respectively (Table 1)
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in both the UnitedStates of America and Europe [1]. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in both the United. Among CVDs, ischemic heart disease as a consequence of intracoronary atherosclerosis remains the largest cause of death [2,3]. The Agatston score is used for patient risk stratification, with a strong association with future adverse cardiovascular events [4,5,6,7,8]. CAC assessment is recommended by several guidelines to improve clinical risk prediction in appropriately selected asymptomatic individuals, which results in a high number of examinations [6,7,9]. Several studies have assessed potential radiation dose reduction techniques for CAC assessment with CT [10]. By reducing the overall energy or the spectrum of the x-ray beam, patient radiation dose can be reduced
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