Abstract
Soluble fermentable dietary fibre elicits gut adaptations, increases satiety and potentially offers a natural sustainable means of body weight regulation. Here we aimed to quantify physiological responses to graded intakes of a specific dietary fibre (pectin) in an animal model. Four isocaloric semi-purified diets containing 0, 3.3%, 6.7% or 10% w/w apple pectin were offered ad libitum for 8 or 28 days to young adult male rats (n = 8/group). Measurements were made of voluntary food intake, body weight, initial and final body composition by magnetic resonance imaging, final gut regional weights and histology, and final plasma satiety hormone concentrations. In both 8- and 28-day cohorts, dietary pectin inclusion rate was negatively correlated with food intake, body weight gain and the change in body fat mass, with no effect on lean mass gain. In both cohorts, pectin had no effect on stomach weight but pectin inclusion rate was positively correlated with weights and lengths of small intestine and caecum, jejunum villus height and crypt depth, ileum crypt depth, and plasma total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) concentrations, and at 8 days was correlated with weight and length of colon and with caecal mucosal depth. Therefore, the gut’s morphological and endocrine adaptations were dose-dependent, occurred within 8 days and were largely sustained for 28 days during continued dietary intervention. Increasing amounts of the soluble fermentable fibre pectin in the diet proportionately decreased food intake, body weight gain and body fat content, associated with proportionately increased satiety hormones GLP-1 and PYY and intestinal hypertrophy, supporting a role for soluble dietary fibre-induced satiety in healthy body weight regulation.
Highlights
In the battle to prevent overweight and obesity, satiety-inducing food ingredients such as dietary fibre offer a natural dietary strategy for caloric intake control and body weight regulation [1]
This study has demonstrated in an animal model that increasing amounts of the soluble fibre pectin in the diet proportionately decreased food intake, body weight gain and body fat content, and proportionately increased gut size and circulating peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations, in both the short- and long-term
The data are consistent with PYY and GLP-1 being involved in mediating dietary fibre-induced satiety and demonstrate how the gut’s morphological and endocrine adaptations are dose-sensitive, occur within 8 days and are sustained over at least 28 days during continued dietary intervention
Summary
In the battle to prevent overweight and obesity, satiety-inducing food ingredients such as dietary fibre offer a natural dietary strategy for caloric intake control and body weight regulation [1]. Dose-Dependent Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibre have recently used an animal model to demonstrate significant reductions in voluntary food intake, body weight gain and adiposity when young adult rats were fed diets containing a range of different soluble fermentable dietary fibres, including pectin [2]. In our earlier rat study, 10% w/w dietary pectin for 4 weeks increased satiety, decreased food intake, decreased body weight gain and led to loss of body fat [2]. Since this dietary inclusion rate equated to approximately twice the dietary fibre RDA for American men [4, 5], lower inclusion rates were included in the present study
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