Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila, a potential probiotic, has been proven to lessen the effects of several diseases. As established, the relative abundance of Akkermansia is positively correlated with tryptophan metabolism. However, the reciprocal interaction between tryptophan and Akkemansia is still unclear. Herein, for the first time, the possible effects of tryptophan and its derived metabolites on A. muciniphila were preliminarily investigated, including growth, physiological function, and metabolism. Obtained results suggested that 0.4 g/L of tryptophan treatment could significantly promote the growth of A. muciniphila. Notably, when grown in BHI with 0.8 g/L of tryptophan, the hydrophobicity and adhesion of A. muciniphila were significantly improved, potentially due to the increase in the rate of cell division. Furthermore, A. muciniphila metabolized tryptophan to indole, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, and indole-3-lactic acid. Indoles produced by gut microbiota could significantly promote the growth of A. muciniphila. These results could provide a valuable reference for future research on the relationship between tryptophan metabolism and A. muciniphila.
Highlights
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These results indicate that the supplement of tryptophan could improve the adhesion ability of A. muciniphila BAA-835T, while greater adhesion ability is conducive to the colonization of A. muciniphila BAA-835T in the gut
We observed that the size of A. muciniphila BAA-835T in both 0.6 and 0.8 g/L tryptophan groups became smaller than Ctrl after tryptophan intervention. In view of these results, we investigated whether 0.4 g/L of tryptophan could accelerate the rate of cell division, which leads to a bigger cell morphology, whereas A. muciniphila BAA-835T, cultured with
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Trillions of microorganisms colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where the numerous metabolites produced can have marked effects on host physiology. The Gramnegative anaerobe, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), is a member of the phylum. It can utilize mucin as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen and has been identified as part of the human gut microbiome [1].
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