Dorsalis pedis artery thrombosis in an elite rugby player: an unusual cause of pedal claudication in a high-risk ankle

Abstract

Vascular thrombosis in young elite athletes is uncommon, usually affecting calf veins and arteries beyond the knee joint. Arterial thrombosis, especially in the dorsalis pedis artery, is very rare without premature atherosclerosis or trauma. Its clinical presentation with progressive claudication of insidious onset is nonspecific and overlaps with the symptoms of deep peroneal nerve compression as a part of anterior ankle impingement, a more common entity in athletes. Ultrasound can evaluate pedal claudication in athletes differentiating vascular and neural causes expediting diagnosis, management and, in turn, return to play. Furthermore, imaging-Doppler ultrasound and MR angiography in particular-plays a vital role in the evaluation of potential aetiology and evolution (i.e., collateral development and recanalization) of the occluded vessel. We present a case of dorsalis pedis artery thrombosis with both MRI and ultrasound findings in a professional rugby player who had no systemic comorbidity, but numerous previous surgical interventions around the ankle joint in both the remote and recent past, putting the adjacent DPA at increased risk for developing thrombosis. In this high-risk ankle, the dorsalis pedis thrombosis may be iatrogenic or due to sports-related, arterial wall injury with superimposed thrombosis.