Abstract
In grasses, variation in seed size and dormancy often results from a seed's position within a dispersal unit. In this paper, I asked whether seed positional effect within a spikelet contributes to ecotypic differentiation between two populations of Avena sterilis having different species range position and associated aridity. I created experimental seed banks in which germination of seeds (florets) having different positions within a spikelet was examined over three years. In addition, two germination tests were conducted under controlled conditions. The two populations were found to have a short-living soil seed bank due to sequential germination of the florets. Although positional seed dormancy effect in A. sterilis does not appear to be a specific desert adaptation against unpredictability of rainfall events, this trait does contribute to ecotypic differentiation between desert and Mediterranean populations. Consistent with bet hedging buffering against rainfall unpredictability, germination fractions in the first year were higher in the Mediterranean than in the desert population, while seeds of the desert origin had stronger dormancy and more sequential germination of florets.
Highlights
Intra-individual variation in seed size and/or morphology is often associated with variation in seed dormancy [reviewed in 1– 2]
In Poaceae family, variation in seed size and dormancy often results from a seed position within an inflorescence and within a dispersal unit [5,6]
In contrast to Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae, seeds having different position within an inflorescence and within a dispersal unit often differ in size but not shape and this kind of seed heteromorphism is overlooked in the literature
Summary
Intra-individual variation in seed size and/or morphology is often associated with variation in seed dormancy [reviewed in 1– 2]. Production of different kinds of seeds by a single individual. This is a well known phenomenon in plants [reviewed in 3] but most examples of this phenomenon come from two families, Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae, while seed heteromorphism and its ecological consequences in Poaceae are poorly described. In Poaceae family, variation in seed size and dormancy often results from a seed position within an inflorescence and within a dispersal unit [5,6]. In contrast to Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae, seeds having different position within an inflorescence and within a dispersal unit often differ in size but not shape and this kind of seed heteromorphism is overlooked in the literature
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