Doppler velocity of fetal renal arteries in case of oligohydramnios

Abstract

Background: Oligohydramnios is a relatively common complication of pregnancy and such a case is often encountered in clinical practice. Oligohydramnios is often to describe pregnancies with AFI <5 and borderline/ low normal amniotic fluid volume to describe pregnancies with AFI 5 to 8 (4) Alternatively, some clinicians prefer the single vertical pocket (SVP) with severe oligohydramnios defined as SVP less than 1 and mild oligohydramnios defined as SVP 1 to 2 Aim of this current study sought to determine the relation of fetal renal artery Doppler with normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios.Methods: Sample size was 50 patients in the 2nd trimester; they subdivided into two groups based on the amount of the amniotic fluid as follow: Group I: Control group (AFI 5-25) N = 25 cases.Group II: Oligohydramnios group (AFI less than 5) N = 25 cases.All patients in this study subjected to the following:Ultrasound study: Measurement of fetal biometry, Detection of congenital malformation. And Amniotic fluid index measurement. Doppler study: Renal artery (RA) and Umbilical artery (UA).Results: There was statistically significant difference between groups according to Renal and umbilical artery Doppler indices PI & RI in Gestational Age 26 weeks, statistically significant difference over the periods through renal artery Doppler indices RI, statistically significant difference over the periods through umbilical artery Doppler indices PI in each group and Renal Artery PI Which was 2.681, with sensitivity of 44.6% specificity of 53% with diagnostic accuracy of 47%, (p-value >0.05 NS). Renal Artery RI Which was 0.989, with sensitivity of 43.5% specificity of 43% with diagnostic accuracy of 33%, (p-value >0.05 NS). Umbilical Artery PI Which was 1.044, with sensitivity of 42.1% specificity of 39.5% with diagnostic accuracy of 29.7%, (p-value >0.05 NS). Umbilical Artery RI Which was 0.645, with sensitivity of 48.5% specificity of 42.1% with diagnostic accuracy of 41.6%, (p-value >0.05 NS). Conclusions: We recommend introducing renal artery resistance index as auxiliary ante partum test for women with Amniotic fluid abnormalities in addition to other ante partum fetal wellbeing tests to predict fetuses at risk of hypoxia.