Doppler assessment of umbilical artery blood flow for the prediction of outcome in fetal cardiac abnormality.

Abstract

In a series of 244 pregnancies referred for fetal echocardiography, the umbilical artery waveform was also studied by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. In 152 normal pregnancies diastolic flow in the umbilical artery was always detectable after 20 weeks gestation. In 4 of 58 normal patients examined before 20 weeks, diastolic flow was absent in some part of the recording. In 34 fetuses with congenital heart disease detected at between 18 and 37 weeks gestation, 10 were found consistently to have associated absent diastolic flow. Five of these fetuses died in utero between 5 and 21 days after the recording; three were aborted and the remaining two died in the neonatal period at 4 and 7 days after the examination. Fetal congenital heart disease with normal umbilical blood flow also had a poor prognosis in general, but the adverse outcome was much less immediate than in fetuses with absent diastolic flow. No correlation was found between the type of congenital heart disease and the characteristics of the umbilical artery waveform. Absent diastolic flow in the umbilical artery indicates a poor short-term prognosis for fetuses with congenital heart disease, particularly after 20 weeks, when fetal death is predictable.