Abstract
Controlled doping of carbon nanotubes is elemental for their electronic applications. Here we report an approach to tune the polarity and degree of doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes via filling with nickelocene followed by encapsulated reactions. Using Raman, photoemission spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we show that nickelocene molecules transform into nickel carbides, nickel and inner carbon nanotubes with reaction temperatures as low as 250 °C. The doping efficiency is determined for each chemical component. Synchronous charge transfer among the molecular components allows bipolar doping of the carbon nanotubes to be achieved in a broad range of ±0.0012 e(-) per carbon.
Highlights
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties that are defined by their atomic structure.[1]
Using Raman, photoemission spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we show that nickelocene molecules transform into nickel carbides, nickel and inner carbon nanotubes with reaction temperatures as low as 250 °C
Using Raman spectroscopy we show that at temperatures ranging from 250 °C to 1200 °C nickelocene molecules react with one another to grow inner tubes inside the outer SWCNTs at high yield
Summary
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties that are defined by their atomic structure.[1] Since their discovery[2,3] attempts were made to tailor the electronic properties towards applications in nanoelectronics such as logic elements, memory devices and electron field emitters.[4,5] Over the last few years several methods have been established These methods include chemisorption and physisorption of atoms and molecules on the nanotube outer surface, substitution of carbon with other elements, intercalation of carbon nanotube bundles and filling tubular interior channels.[6] Among these methods, filling of carbon nanotubes is a very effective way to modify the electronic structure and the chemical environment in a controlled way. Our results demonstrate that the chemical transformation of nickelocene can be utilized for the directional modification of the SWCNT electronic properties at reaction temperatures as low as 250 °C
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