Abstract
This review outlines the latest research into the design of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with non-metal elements. The emphasis is put on modulation of composition and morphology of g-C3N4 doped with oxygen, sulfur, phosphor, nitrogen, carbon as well as nitrogen and carbon vacancies. Typically, the various methods of non-metal elements introducing in g-C3N4 have been explored to simultaneously tune the textural and electronic properties of g-C3N4 for improving its response to the entire visible light range, facilitating a charge separation, and prolonging a charge carrier lifetime. The application fields of such doped graphitic carbon nitride are summarized into three categories: CO2 reduction, H2-evolution, and organic contaminants degradation. This review shows some main directions and affords to design the g-C3N4 doping with non-metal elements for real photocatalytic applications.
Highlights
Graphitic carbon nitride has been of interest since Wang et al published their paper about its ability of photocatalytic water splitting in 2009 [1]
The presented research reports demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of non-metal element-doped g-C3 N4 has been greatly improved over pristine g-C3 N4, and the degradation rates of organic dyes and pollutants have been enhanced to varying degrees
We summarized the recent research progress in the non-metal doping of graphitic carbon nitride used mostly for photocatalysis
Summary
Graphitic carbon nitride has been of interest since Wang et al published their paper about its ability of photocatalytic water splitting in 2009 [1] It is a two-dimensional (2D) metal-free semiconducting material with the ability to absorb visible light due to the band gap energy of 2.7 eV. Other interesting properties, such as high thermal, physical, chemical, and photochemical stability, predetermines it for solar cell fabrications, imaging, sensing of some compounds, and for photocatalysis [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. This literature review is focused on recent progress in the synthesis and design of non-metal doped g-C3 N4 for applications in photocatalysis
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