Doping-induced realignment of molecular levels at organic–organic heterojunctions

Abstract

This article examines how the concept of alignment of charge neutrality levels (CNL) can be used to explain and predict interface dipole and molecular level offset at organic–organic (OO) heterojunctions. The application of the model of CNL alignment to interfaces between undoped materials is reviewed first. The model is then extended to explain the shift of the CNL upon electrical doping of an organic material, and the resulting change in interface dipole and molecular level alignment. This approach provides, at this point, the first comprehensive prediction of energetics at OO heterojunctions.