Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are classified as Class 4 agents by the Association of Racing Commissioners International and are banned in racehorses during competition in Pennsylvania (PA). To control the abuse of these agents in racehorses competing in PA, a forensic method for screening and confirmation of the presence of these agents is needed. Equine plasma (0.5 mL) was acidified with 75 μL 1M H3PO4 to increase recovery of the analytes by liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Extracted analytes were separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a C8 column under gradient condition. All 16 analytes were detected, quantified and confirmed using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in both negative and positive electrospray ionization modes. The limit of detection, quantification and confirmation of the analytes were 1.0 - 5.0 ng/mL, 1.0 - 5.0 ng/mL and 1.0 - 20 ng/mL, respectively. The linear dynamic range of quantification was 5.0 - 200 ng/mL. The method is routinely used in anti-doping analysis to control the abuse of NSAIDs in racehorses competing in PA.
Highlights
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are structurally classified as carboxylic or enolic acids
Ketoprofen, ketorolac, oxyphenbutazone and phenylbutazone were obtained from US Pharmacopeia (Rockville, MD, USA), whereas 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6-MNA) was purchased from Cayman Chem (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA). d9-phenylbutazone and clonixin were purchased from Neogen Corporation (Lexington, KY, USA), and Schering Corporation (Kenilworth, NJ, USA), respectively
Liquid chromatography separation was performed in a gradient program using a C8 reversed-phase column with binary eluent solvents of 10 mM ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and acetonitrile (ACN) (Table 1)
Summary
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are structurally classified as carboxylic or enolic acids. A number of methods have been developed for detecting a single or a group of NSAIDs in human and animal biological matrices using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [10]-[15], capillary electrophoresis [16], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [17]-[19] and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [20]-[24] These methods focused mainly on quantification of one or a few NSAIDs in biological matrices but were not for anti-doping control analysis, for which the method should be able to detect as many drug suspects as possible during screening and provide unequivocal evidence to demonstrate confirmation of the analyte. The method focuses on screening, quantification and confirmation of all 16 NSAIDs in equine plasma
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
