Abstract
In this paper, we successfully fabricated a novel bromide ion selective electrode (Br-ISE), which was coated by bromine ion doped polyaniline as sensitive film. Using Ag wire as the substrate, a uniform and dense nano-silver layer was electroplated to enhance the specific surface area of the electrode. Subsequently, a polyaniline (PANI) film was coated onto the electrode by cyclic voltammetry in a 0.3 M aniline and 1 M HCl solution and was in-situ doped by 0.1 M KBr solution. The morphology and performance of the electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and other electrochemical analysis methods, respectively. The prepared Br-ISE exhibited a wide linear dynamic range between 1.0 × 10−1 and 1.0 × 10−7 M with a near-Nernst slope of 57.33 mV/decade. In addition, the electrode possessed extremely fast response time (<1 s) and low impedance (300 Ω), high sensitivity, and good selectivity. The electrode potential drifted within 2 mV in 8 h. The lifespan was larger than three months.
Highlights
Bromine is an element mainly found in seawater, underground concentrated brines, sedimentary rock deposits of ancient oceans, and salt lake waters [1]
The peak current decreased with continuous potential scanning, which indicates that the polymer film was successfully deposited on the surface
When AC signals pass through the electrodes, the diffusion control exceeds the electrochemical control at low frequencies (LF), which results in Warburg impedance [49,50]
Summary
Bromine is an element mainly found in seawater, underground concentrated brines, sedimentary rock deposits of ancient oceans, and salt lake waters [1]. Methods to detect the concentration of bromide and other halogens in water include neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ion and liquid chromatography, and fluorescence spectroscopy [6,7,8,9,10,11]. These methods are highly mature and could obtain results with high accuracy and precision, complex procedures and expensive equipment limited these methods. Liquid junction ion-selective electrode is another mature and widely used method to determine the bromine concentrations in water. We applied the Br-ISE in a practical industry (Shandong Haihua Group Co., Ltd.) to in-situ monitor the bromine contents of seawater
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