Abstract

This study quantifies drastic variations of Arctic sea ice during 2000–2020. Four dominant modes revealed 32.18%, 14.6%, 9.34% and 8.25% of the total variance of sea ice concentration over the Arctic. The first two dominant modes have exhibited seesaw structures on the Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic over the past 20 years: Sea ice increased in the southwest of Greenland and reduced in the northeast; sea ice decreased drastically in the Bering Sea but increased in the Okhotsk Sea. An overall increase of sea ice in the Arctic occurred in the third dominant mode, while a seesaw structure appeared in the Barents Sea in the fourth dominant mode. At the end, the influence of the Arctic atmosphere and upper-ocean state on the Arctic sea ice variation was investigated.

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