Abstract
The electric power output of a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) depends on the various physical parameters of the constituent materials, including the piezoelectric coefficient, Young’s modulus, and dielectric constant. Herein, we report the mechanical and electrical properties of a poly(vinylidene fluoride)–BaTiO3 (PVDF–BTO) composite-based PENG. Variation of the BTO nanoparticle (NP) content enabled the systematic tuning of the physical parameters that are related to power generation in the composite. The Young’s modulus of the PVDF–BTO composite initially increased, and then eventually decreased, with the increasing BTO content, which was probably due to the clustering effect of the high modulus BTO NPs. The dielectric constant of the composite continuously increased as the BaTiO3 content increased. The piezoelectric outputs were greatly enhanced at 10 wt% of BTO, where the Young’s modulus was the highest. These results indicate that the Young’s modulus plays an important role in the piezoelectric power generation of the composite-based PENGs.
Highlights
In recent years, there have been considerable interests in clean and renewable energies because of the rapid depletion of fossil resources and global warming [1]
We systematically investigate the mechanical and electrical properties, and piezoelectric power generation of poly(vinylidene fluoride)–BaTiO3 (PVDF–BTO) composites
A sharp peak is evident near 2θ = 19.8◦, which corresponds to the ferroelectric β-phase of PVDF [17]; the paraelectric α-phase of PVDF would show a peak at Nanom2θat=eri1al8s.220◦1. 8T,h8,exsFinOgRlePsEhEaRrpREpVeIaEkWat 2θ = 45.4◦ corresponds to the paraelectric cubic phase of BTO [18];3 of 9 the ferroelectric tetragonal phase of BTO would show split peaks
Summary
There have been considerable interests in clean and renewable energies because of the rapid depletion of fossil resources and global warming [1]. Organic piezoelectric materials are flexible, but usually have small piezoelectric coefficients and Young’s moduli [9] To balance these advantages and disadvantages, extensive research has been conducted to fabricate composite-type piezoelectric materials by blending two materials, e.g., PDMS–NaNbO3, PDMS–ZnSnO3, PMN–PT/PVDF, and PVDF–HFP/Co-ZnO [10,11,12,13]. These piezoelectric composites displayed piezoelectric outputs that were high enough to turn on the small electronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This work identifies a simple approach to increase the piezoelectric output of composite-based PENGs
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