Abstract
This paper presents a dominant channel occupancy (DCO) mechanism for the Wi-Fi backscatter uplink in the industrial Internet of things (IIoT). The DCO provides high-priority channel access and reliable burst transmission to the Wi-Fi backscatter devices, thereby enabling the Wi-Fi backscatter tag to deliver its tag information to the Wi-Fi reader without interference from neighboring legacy Wi-Fi devices to guarantee the timeliness and reliability of the IIoT system. For the former, we consider three types of medium access control (MAC) configurations: “carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) starting with short inter-frame space (SIFS)”, “freezing of the backoff period”, and “reduced CWmin.” In addition, the DCO uses the SIFS between burst packets to guarantee reliable burst transmission. To verify the effectiveness of DCO and determine a proper value for MAC parameters, we conduct experimental simulations under IEEE 802.11n PHY/MAC environments. The simulation results show that the reduced CWmin has the most significant effect on the channel occupancy. The Wi-Fi backscatter devices achieve much higher throughput than the separate cases when two or more configurations are used simultaneously. Moreover, the results exhibit that the use of SIFS between consecutive packets supports reliable burst transmission regardless of the transmission of the legacy Wi-Fi devices in the vicinity.
Highlights
Wi-Fi backscatter has been considered as one of the emerging communication technologies that may help realize the industrial Internet of things (IIoT), which can improve the connectivity, efficiency, and scalability of smart machines in both enterprises’ manufacturing processes and supply chain monitoring and management systems [1,2,3,4,5]
One of the Wi‐Fi backscatter devices transmits the packet earlier than the others since it uses “carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) starting with short inter-frame space (SIFS)” and “reduced CWmin ”
Due to earlier than the others since it uses “CSMA/CA starting with SIFS” and “reduced CWmin”
Summary
Wi-Fi backscatter has been considered as one of the emerging communication technologies that may help realize the industrial Internet of things (IIoT), which can improve the connectivity, efficiency, and scalability of smart machines in both enterprises’ manufacturing processes and supply chain monitoring and management systems [1,2,3,4,5]. The existing Wi-Fi backscatter cannot satisfy the strict delay constraint of the IIoT because of the long channel access delay caused by CSMA/CA operations and suffers from frequent packet losses and data corruptions This is because the interferences of the neighboring legacy Wi-Fi devices make it difficult to guarantee consecutive transmissions of the Wi-Fi backscatter tag (i.e., RF-powered device). In DCO, for high-priority channel access of Wi-Fi backscatter uplink, we consider the following three types of MAC configurations: (1) CSMA/CA starting with short inter-frame space (SIFS); (2) freezing of the backoff period; and (3) reduced CWmin. The DCO guarantees reliable burst transmission for Wi-Fi backscatter devices without exchanging additional control packets such as CTS-to-self, regardless of the amount of tag information and number of channel measurements.
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