Abstract
Domestication has altered a variety of traits within the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), including phenotypic, physiological and behavioral traits of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis). Little is known, however, about the genetic changes between domesticated and wild Eurasian perch. In this study, we assembled a high-quality de novo reference transcriptome and identified differentially expressed genes between wild and domesticated Eurasian perch. A total of 113,709 transcripts were assembled, and 58,380 transcripts were annotated. Transcriptomic comparison revealed 630 differentially expressed genes between domesticated and wild Eurasian perch. Within domesticated Eurasian perch there were 412 genes that were up-regulated including MHCI, MHCII, chia, ighm within immune system development. There were 218 genes including try1, ctrl, ctrb, cela3b, cpa1 and cpb1, which were down-regulated that were associated with digestive processes. Our results indicated domestication drives the changes of immune and digestive system of Eurasian perch. Our study not only provide valuable genetic resources for further studies in Eurasian perch, but also provide novel insights into the genetic basis of physiological changes in Eurasian perch during domestication process.
Highlights
Domestication is the process of manipulating specific attributes of a species’ in an effort to maximize agricultural and commercial ventures, such as the pet trade, or conservation efforts by controlling a species’ movement, feeding and habitats [1]
Eight genes were associated with digestive processes and showed higher expression levels in wild Eurasian perch (Fig 3). Another eight genes showed higher expression levels in domesticated Eurasian perch, which indicating a higher immune response. These results indicated that genes which selected for verification were highly correlated with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) results and confirmed the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment results (Figs 2 and 3)
As of September 11, 2016, only a limited number of sequences, 2,229 EST sequences, and 12 Bio-Samples with over 50 Gb sequence data were available for Eurasian perch in the NCBI SRA database
Summary
Domestication is the process of manipulating specific attributes of a species’ in an effort to maximize agricultural and commercial ventures, such as the pet trade, or conservation efforts by controlling a species’ movement, feeding and habitats [1]. Humans have played a vital role in the domestication process for many economically valuable and endangered species for approximately 11,000 years [1, 2]. The study of domesticated species has led to increased interest in several important issues in genetics and evolutionary biology, including. Understanding the process of animal domestication and its reciprocal impacts on humans and animal domesticates is critical for human life, conservation and evolutionary biology [1, 3, 5]
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