Abstract
Poisoning in children is a public health issue worldwide, being a 'family disease', an avoidable pathology. Thus, it is the major responsibility of the family to prevent them. Young children, due to their natural curiosity, present a major risk of domestic poisoning. In the case of domestic poisoning in children about half occur in children under 6 years of age, most of them occur in the age range 1 - 4 years. Morbidity and mortality have a higher incidence in childhood. Most of the times domestic poisoning in the case of children is accidental, representing about 85%, but there are also cases of voluntary poisoning. The forensic medicine network has the task of identifying such cases, carrying out forensic expertise and forensic necropsies in the case of deaths, reporting monthly / yearly indicators on the number of deaths per year at the county / national level as well as a series of variables (age and sex groups, environment of origin, cause of poisoning and class of chemical substance), which allow dynamic analysis of time and area tendencies of various population groups, including vulnerable groups. Monitoring such cases allows the establishment of an alert system with the possibility of immediate intervention by the authorities. Within risk assessments, the number of cases of poisoning with a particular substance or class of substances is a fundamental basis for decision making and risk management. Keywords: domestic poisoning, pediatric poisoning
Highlights
Poisoning in children is a public health issue worldwide, being a "family disease", an avoidable pathology
By analyzing the demographic and circumstantial characteristics of pediatric poisoning, it was identified that the highest incidence was in the age group under 6 years of age, accounting for 47.7% of the total reported exposures, predominating accidental poisoning, and for the age range 13-19 years of age, the exposures predominated the voluntary poisonings, accounting for 26.36% of the total voluntary exposures reported
In its opinion on the reclassification of nicotine, the Committee for Risk Assessment (CRA) of the European Chemicals Agency considered that 5 mg per kg of body weight was a justified estimate for acute toxicity of nicotine through oral exposure. This value of Acute Toxicity Estimate (ATE) is of the same order of magnitude as that presented by Mayer (2014), who estimated the lower limit that causes death to be 0.5–1 g of ingested nicotine, corresponding to an oral LD 50 dose of 6.5–13 mg per kg of body weight in humans
Summary
Poisoning in children is a public health issue worldwide, being a "family disease", an avoidable pathology. Descriptive and retrospective study in patients aged 0 and 18 years hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute poisoning, who complained hepatic impairment upon admission or during the evolution thereof, was carried out during the period 2010-2014 in the intensive care toxicology section of the Children's Emergency Hospital "Grigore Alexandrescu" in Bucharest and the pediatric nephrology and toxicology section of the Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children in Cluj Napoca.
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